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1 pall of darkness
pall of darkness покров темноты -
2 pall of darkness
покров темнотыБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > pall of darkness
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3 pall of darkness
покров темнотыАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > pall of darkness
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4 pall of darkness
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5 a pall of darkness
Общая лексика: покров темноты -
6 pall
̈ɪpɔ:l I
1. сущ.
1) покров( на гробе, могиле)
2) а) завеса, пелена pall of smoke pall of darkness Syn: curtain, screen б) перен. покров;
гнетущая, мрачная атмосфера The bad news cast a pall over the evening. ≈ Плохие новости омрачили вечер.
3) церк. мантия, облачение Syn: pallium
2. гл.
1) покрывать, обвертывать, окутывать Syn: shroud
2) перен. затемнять;
покрывать мраком;
омрачать Syn: darken II гл. надоедать;
пресыщать;
пресыщаться( обыкн. pall on) for fear of palling his appetite ≈ из опасения перебить себе аппетит Even the most tasty palls if it is served every day. ≈ Даже самые изысканные кушанья приедаются, если их подавать каждый день. Her voice is rather dull, and quickly palls on her listeners. ≈ У него довольно глухой голос, и его слушателям быстро становится скучно. The pleasure of not having to work quickly palled. ≈ Удовольствием не иметь работы быстро пресыщаешься. Syn: surfeit, cloy покров ( на гробе) завеса, пелена, покров - a * of darkness покров темноты - his anger cast a * over our merriment его гнев омрачил наше веселье( устаревшее) мантия, одеяние, облачение (американизм) гроб с телом покрывать, окутывать затемнять надоедать, приедаться - pleasures * удовольствия надоедают - his talk began to * on us all нам стали надоедать его разговоры - the pastimes *ed on him развлечения ему приелись - even the most tasty *s if it is served every day даже самые изысканные кушанья приедаются, если их подавать каждый день пресыщать - for fear of *ing his appetite из опасения перебить себе аппетит (техническое) защелка, собачка храпового механизма;
шпингалет - * pin палец собачки( техническое) предохранитель( техническое) (морское) пал( у шпиля) (техническое) выключать посредством собачки (морское) взять на пал (разговорное) останавливать;
прекращать - this *ed us это остановило нас( разговорное) прекращать болтовню - * there, my heartly! перестань болтать, милашка! pall завеса, пелена;
покров ~ затемнять ~ мантия, облачение ~ надоедать (обыкн. pall on) ~ покров (на гробе) ~ покрывать, окутывать покровом ~ пресыщать(ся) -
7 pall
I1. [pɔ:l] n1. покров ( на гробе)2. завеса, пелена, покров3. арх. мантия, одеяние, облачение4. амер. гроб с телом2. [pɔ:l] v1. покрывать, окутывать2. затемнятьII [pɔ:l] v1. (обыкн. on) надоедать, приедатьсяeven the most tasty palls if it is served every day - даже самые изысканные кушанья приедаются, если их подавать каждый день
2. пресыщатьII1. [pɔ:l] = pawl I и II2. [pɔ:l] = pawl I и II -
8 pall
I [pɔːl] 1. сущ.2)а) завеса, пелена- pall of darknessSyn:б) гнетущая, мрачная атмосфераThe bad news cast a pall over the evening. — Плохие новости омрачили вечер.
3) рел. мантия, облачениеSyn:2. гл.1) покрывать, окутыватьSyn:2) затемнять; покрывать мраком; омрачатьSyn:II [pɔːl] гл.а) ( (up)on smb.) надоедать (кому-л.)Even the most tasty palls if it is served every day. — Даже самое изысканное кушанье приедается, если его подавать каждый день.
Her voice is rather dull, and quickly palls on her listeners. — У неё довольно глухой голос, и её слушателям быстро становится скучно.
б) пресыщаться•Syn: -
9 pall
/pɔ:l/ * danh từ - vải phủ quan tài - áo bào (giáo hoàng, tổng giám mục) - (nghĩa bóng) vật che phủ, áo khoác, màn phủ =a pall of darkness+ màn đêm * ngoại động từ - làm ngán, làm phát ngấy (vì quá nhàm) * nội động từ - trở thành nhạt nhẽo vô vị (vì quá nhàm) -
10 pall
pall [pɔ:l]1 noun(a) (over coffin) drap m mortuaire, poêle m∎ a pall of silence hung over the room il régnait dans la pièce un silence profondBritish perdre son charme;∎ it began to pall on me j'ai commencé à m'en lasser -
11 pall
1. n завеса, пелена, покров2. n арх. мантия, одеяние, облачение3. n амер. гроб с телом4. v покрывать, окутывать5. v затемнять6. v надоедать, приедаться7. v пресыщатьСинонимический ряд:1. coffin cover (noun) cloak; cloth; coffin cover; cover; covering2. gloom (noun) darkness; gloom; melancholy; oppression; sadness; shadow3. bore (verb) bore; ennui; tire; weary4. satiate (verb) cloy; disgust; fill; glut; gorge; jade; sate; satiate; stodge; surfeitАнтонимический ряд:gaiety; refresh -
12 покров темноты
General subject: a pall of darkness -
13 caligo
1.cālīgo ( call-), ĭnis, f. [root cal-, cover; cf.: oc-culo, clam, cella], a thick atmosphere, a mist, vapor, fog (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):II.suffundere caelum caligine,
Lucr. 6, 479; 6, 461; 6, 92:(ignis) piceă crassus caligine,
Verg. G. 2, 309; cf. id. A. 9, 36; Liv. 29, 27, 7:densa caligo occaecaverat diem,
id. 33, 7, 2; cf. Suet. Ner. 19:fumidam a terră exhalari caliginem,
Plin. 2, 42, 42, § 111:caligo aestuosa,
Col. 11, 2, 53 (for which, id. 11, 2, 57:nebulosus aestus): pruinae et caligo,
id. 3, 2, 4; cf. Pall. Febr. 9, 2.—Also in plur.:inter caligines,
Col. 3, 1, 7.—Hence,Transf.A.(Causa pro effectu.) Darkness, obscurity, gloom (produced by mist, fog, etc.; freq. with tenebrae;B.class. in prose and poetry): mi ob oculos caligo obstitit, Plaut Mil. 2, 4, 51: cum altitudo caliginem oculis obfudisset,
i. e. had caused dizziness, Liv. 26, 45, 3:erat in tantā calligine major usus aurium quam oculorum,
id. 22, 5, 3 Weissenb.: noctem insequentem eadem calligc obtinuit;sole orto est discussa,
id. 29, 27, 7:nox terram caligine texit,
Lucr. 6, 853; 5, 649:caeca noctis,
id. 4, 457:caecae umbra,
id. 3, 305; cf. Verg. A. 3, 203:quam simul agnorunt inter caliginis umbras,
Ov. M. 4, 455:ara obscurā caligine tecta,
Cic. Arat. 194.—With tenebrae, Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44; Curt. 9, 4, 18; Lampr. Comm. 16.—In later writers also with a gen.:caligo tenebrarum,
Quint. Decl. 18, 7; cf. Sen. Agam. 472 Heins.;and inversely: tenebris illunae caliginis impeditus,
App. M. 9, p. 214.—Trop.1.In gen., mental blindness, dulness of perception:2.quod videbam equidem, sed quasi per caliginem: praestrinxerat aciem animi D. Bruti salus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 3; so id. Fin. 5, 15, 43: adhuc tamen [p. 270] per caliginem video, Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 8: caecā mentem caligine consitus, * Cat. 64, 207:Augustus... omnibus omnium gentium viris magnitudine suā inducturus caliginem,
to throw into the shade, Vell. 2, 37, 1. —Of dark, difficult circumstances, calamity, affliction, gloom:C.vide nunc caliginem temporum illorum,
Cic. Planc. 40, 96:superioris anni,
id. post Red. in Sen. 3, 5:an qui etesiis, qui per cursum rectum regnum tenere non potuerunt, nunc caecis tenebris et caligine se Alexandriam perventuros arbitrati sunt?
id. Agr. 2, 17, 44:illa omnis pecunia latuit in illā caligine ac tenebris, quae totam rem publicam tum occuparant,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:ecce illa tempestas, caligo bonorum, tenebrae rei publicae,
id. Prov. Cons. 18, 43:tantum caliginis, tantum perturbationis offusum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 16:quaedam scelerum offusa caligo,
Quint. 9, 3, 47.—In medic. lang., as a disease of the eyes, dim-sightedness, weakness of the eyes, Cels. 6, 6, n. 32; Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 61; 20, 23, 95, § 254; 25, 13, 92, § 144; 32, 9, 31, § 97; 34, 11, 27, § 114; Scrib. Comp. 179.2.cālīgo, āre, v. n. [1. caligo].I.To emit vapor or steam, to steam, reek:B.amnes aestate vaporatis, hieme frigidis nebulis caligent,
Col. 1, 5, 4:aram tenui caligans vestiet umbrā,
Cic. Arat. 205 (449); cf.:omnem quae nunc Mortalis hebetat visus tibi et umida circum Caligat, nubem eripiam,
Verg. A. 2, 606.—Transf.1.To be involved in darkness, to be dark, gloomy:2.caligare oculos,
darkness covers the eyes, Lucr. 3, 157; Verg. G. 4, 468; Stat. Th. 1, 95. —Poet.:II.altae caligantesque fenestrae,
dizzy, Juv. 6, 31.—Trop., of the understanding, to be blind, to be surrounded by darkness, to grope about:B.orbatae caligant vela carinae,
Stat. S. 5, 3, 238:caligare ad pervidendum,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 1:virtus inhorrescit ad subita, et caligabit, si, etc.,
id. Ep. 57, 4; Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2; Quint. Decl. 18 fin.:rex caligare alto in solio, nec pondera regni posse pati,
Sil. 14, 88.—Prov.:caligare in sole,
to grope in broad daylight, Quint. 1, 2, 19.—In medic. lang., of the eyes, to suffer from weakness, be weak, Cels. 6, 6, 32; Plin. 20, 22, 87, § 239; cf. id. 11, 37, 54, § 147.— Transf., of the person, to be dim-sighted:caligans Thyestes,
Mart. 10, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 184. -
14 покров
I муж. cover( ing) ;
hearse-cloth, pall;
cloak, shroud, pall перен.;
integument анат. под покровом ночи ≈ under cover of night, under cloud of night почвенный покров ≈ top-soil снежный покров ≈ blanket of snow кожный покров ≈ coverlet травяной покров ≈ grass, herbage цветочный покров ≈ perianth II муж.;
церк. (festival of) the Protection( of the Virgin) -
15 покров
1. м. cover2. Holy Protection3. pall -
16 cover
1. n крышка; обёртка; покрывало; чехол; футляр, колпак2. n конверт; обёртка; упаковкаunder plain cover — в конверте без фирменного штампа, в простом конверте
3. n переплёт; обложка4. n убежище, укрытие; прикрытие, «крыша»5. n спорт. прикрытие, защита6. n покров7. n поэт. покрывало, покров8. n лесной покров, полог леса9. n бот. покров семяпочки или семени10. n охот. нора, логовище11. n личина, маска12. n прибор, куверт13. n ком. гарантийный фонд14. n страхование15. n авт. покрышкаdouble-seamed cover — крышка, закатанная двойным швом
16. n театр. замена; заменяющий актёр или -ая актриса; исполнитель из второго составаno book or no cover missing detector — щуп для обнаружения неподачи книжного блока, переплётной крышки или обложки
17. v покрывать, закрывать, накрывать18. v редк. покрывать; укрывать19. v прикрывать, ограждать, защищать20. v спорт. держать, закрывать21. v прятать, скрывать22. v покрывать; находить оправдания23. v книжн. покрыть, увенчать; запятнатьcover over — закрыть, покрыть
cover a loss — покрыть убытки; взять на себя потерю
24. v покрывать, обдавать25. v обивать; оклеивать26. v покрывать; распространяться; расстилатьсяsnow covered the ground — земля была покрыта снегом, на земле лежал снег
27. v покрывать, охватывать; относиться28. v разг. заменять, подменятьplease cover for me at the counter for a few minutes — пожалуйста, подмени меня у прилавка на несколько минут
29. v держать под наблюдениемa small party stole up on the bridge under the cover of darkness — под покровом тьмы маленький отряд подкрался к мосту
30. v пройти, проехать31. v спорт. пробежать дистанцию32. v освещать в печати33. v предусматривать34. v ком. обеспечить покрытие; покрывать35. v страховать36. v карт. покрывать, крытьcover cloth — кроющий материал, переплётная ткань
37. v принять пари; поставить38. v с. -х. случать, крыть39. v сидеть40. v воен. держать под обстрелом41. v держать под прицеломСинонимический ряд:1. bedspread (noun) bedspread; blanket; comforter; counterpane2. blind (noun) blind; front; smoke screen3. cap (noun) cap; lid; top4. clothes (noun) bonnet; capote; cloak; clothes; cosy; cowl; mantle; muffler; pall5. covering (noun) attic; ceiling; covering; hatch; house top; integument; roofing; umbrella6. furnishings (noun) awning; canopy; carpet; carpeting; curtain; drape; furnishings; rug; runner; scatter rug; throw rug7. mask (noun) camouflage; color; coloring; colour; colouring; conceal; disguise; disguisement; facade; face; false front; gloss; guise; mask; masquerade; pretension; pretext; put-on; screen; semblance; show; spread; veil; veneer; window dressing; window-dressing8. protection (noun) asylum; concealment; defense; guard; harbor; harborage; harbour; haven; port; pretence; pretense; protection; refuge; retreat; sanctuary9. shelter (noun) bower; copse; covert; growth; shelter; shrubbery; thicket; underbrush; woods10. wrapper (noun) capsule; case; casing; encasement; envelope; jacket; pod; sheath; wrapper; wrapping11. blanket (verb) blanket; crown; enwrap; overcast; overlay; spread over12. clothe (verb) cap; clothe; envelop; overspread; overwhelm; wrap13. coat (verb) case; coat; face; incrust; layer; paper; spread; stain; varnish; veneer14. conceal (verb) camouflage; cloak; conceal; disguise; enshroud; hood; mask; shroud; veil15. defend (verb) bulwark; defend; fend; guard; house; protect; safeguard; screen; secure; shade; shelter; shield16. deluge (verb) deluge; drench; engulf; inundate; overcome; pour; rain; shower17. hide (verb) bury; cache; ensconce; hide; occult; plant; secrete; stash18. include (verb) comprehend; comprise; contain; embody; embrace; encompass; include; incorporate19. make (verb) make; pass; traverse20. pay for (verb) compensate for; counterbalance; defray; offset; pay for; suffice21. set (verb) brood; set; sit22. travel (verb) cross; do; journey; journey over; pass over; track; travelАнтонимический ряд:exclude; expose; exposure; inside; reveal; unwrap -
17 dække
11) покрыва́ть, накрыва́ть2) охва́тыватьdǽkke bord — накрыва́ть на стол
dǽkke óver nóget — скрыва́ть что-л.
dǽkke nóget óver — накрыва́ть что-л.
* * *blanket, cloak, coat, coating, cover, covering, lay, make it up, pall, screen, seal, set, shroud* * *I. (et) cover, covering;[ under dække af] under cover of;( påskud) on the pretext of;[ spille under dække med] act (el. be) in collusion with.II. vb cover;( udgifter også) meet;( om oversættelse) mean the same thing as; be accurate;(mil.) cover;( i skak) guard;( i sport) mark, cover;[ dække behovet] meet the demand;[ dække bord] set (el. lay) the table;[ dække middagsbordet] set (el. lay) the table for dinner;[ dække tilbagetoget] cover the retreat;[ dækket af mørket] under cover of darkness;[ dække for]( skjule) hide,F conceal;[ dække imod al skade] cover against all risks;[ dække ind] recoup ( fx losses),( opveje) offset ( fx raise prices to offset higher costs);[ dække op](i fodbold etc) mark, cover;(dvs kræse op) do somebody well (el. proud);[ dække over](dvs skjule) cover up ( fx one's mistakes, one's real intentions),F conceal;[ dække over én] cover up for somebody; shield somebody;[ dække til seks ( personer)] set the table for six;[ der er dækket til tyve personer] the table is set (el. laid) for twenty;[ dække sig]( søge dækning) take cover,( sikre sig) protect oneself;( sikre sig) protect oneself;( ved indkøb) lay in fresh stock (el. supplies);( for udgifter) reimburse oneself;[ dække sig mod tab] secure oneself against losses. -
18 Á
* * *a negative suffix to verbs, not;era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.* * *1.á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.WITH DAT.A. Loc.I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.WITH ACC.A. Loc.I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.B. TEMP.I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.C. Metaph. and in various relations:I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.VI. connected with nouns,1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.2.f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr. -
19 austeritas
austērĭtas, ātis, f. [austerus] (perh. not before the Aug. period).I.Lit.A.Of taste, harshness, sourness (syn.:B. II.acerbitas, tristitia, severitas),
Col. 11, 2, 68:vini,
Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 24; 14, 6, 8, § 65:caepae,
id. 19, 6, 32, § 105:picis,
id. 14, 1, 3, § 17; Pall. 1, 35, 11; and in plur., id. 1, 35, 8.— -
20 shroud
1. n саван2. n рел. плащаница3. n возвыш. пелена, покров4. n мор. ванты5. n тех. кожух, колпак6. n тех. защитный экран7. n тех. теплозащитная оболочка8. n тех. стропа парашюта9. v завёртывать в саван10. v закутывать, прятать, закрывать11. v прятать, скрыватьthey shroud their work in polysyllabic technical terms — смысл их работы скрыт за обилием технических терминов
Синонимический ряд:1. blanket (noun) blanket; cloak; mantle; pall2. cerement (noun) cerement; graveclothes3. cerements (noun) cerecloth; cerements; cloth; cover; covering; garment; winding-sheet4. close (verb) block out; close; hide; obscure; obstruct; screen; shut off; shut out5. veil (verb) cloak; clothe; conceal; cover; enclose; enfold; enshroud; envelop; enwrap; hide; invest; mask; obscure; swathe; veil; wrap
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